·
The Treaty of
St. Germain 1919
o
Treaty
dealing with Austria (Austria-Hungary had been split up)
o
Territories
were given to Czechoslovakia, who also annexed Bohemia and Moravia
·
Territories included 3 million German
citizens
·
France supported this
o
Creation of
independent states of: Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (would become Yugoslavia)
o
This meant
Austria lost: Slovenia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina
o
Poland gained Galicia
o
Italy
received South Tyrol, Trentino, and Istria
o
Romania obtained Transylvania
o
Austria was
forbidden to unite themselves with any other country, without the consent of
the League
o
Reduced the
size of the Austrian army, imposed reparations, and finally made Austria admit
to causing damage.
·
Treaty of Neuilly 1919
o
Treaty dealing with Bulgaria
o
Bulgaria lost
access to the Aegean Sea
o
Greece was
returned Macedonia, who also received West Thrace (territory giving access to
Aegean Sea)
o
Bulgaria
recognized the independent Yugoslavia, and borders were adjusted
o
Reduced the
size of the Bulgarian army and imposed reparations.
·
Treaty of Trianon 1920
o
Treaty dealing with Hungary
o
The new state
of Hungary had lost a lot of territory compared to the old Kingdom of Hungary
·
More than 3
million Magyars (ethnic group associated with Hungary) was now under foreign
rule
·
Halved the
size of the Hungarian population
o
Czechoslovakia received Ruthenia and
Slovakia
o
Croatia and
Slovenia joined what would become Yugoslavia
o
Romania received Transylvania
o
Reduced the
size of the Hungarian army, imposed reparations, and finally made Hungary admit
to causing damage.
o
Romania was
the big winner, which was favored by the Allies
·
They would
now become a buffer-zone between Russia and the Dardanelles Straits (access to
Mediterranean Sea)
·
Treaty of Sèvres 1920
o
Treaty dealing with Turkey
o
Ottoman
Empire subject to principle of self-determination
·
Had to find
out what parts were of Turkish ethnic majority
o
Weakening of
Turkey = Strengthening of Greece
o
Britain took
controlled mandates in Palestine and Iraq (large oil resources in Mosul)
o
France
received Lebanon and Syria as mandates
o
Greece gained
East Thrace, Smyrna, and many Aegean islands.
·
A plebiscite
were to be held in Smyrna, which enraged Turks as it ignored the principle of
self-determination
o
Cyprus became
officially British - under British occupation since 1878
o
Germany's
shares in Turkish Petrol Company were given to France
o
Italy
acquired Adalia, Rhodes, and the Dodecanese
islands
o
Armenia and
Kurdistan were to become independent states
o
Land was
given to Bulgaria, causing territory around Constantinople (Istanbul) to be the
only Turkish territory in Europe
o
Britain,
France, and Italy were to keep troops in Turkey
o
Dardanelles
and Bosporus Straits were opened for shipping, and governed under international
commission consisting of Britain, France, Italy, and Japan
o
Turkey forced
to pay reparations and its army limited to 50,000 men
o
The Treaty
was, however, never accepted by the Turks who went to war with Greece and won.
The results of the Greco-Turkish War caused a new treaty to be drafted
·
Treaty of Lausanne 1923
o
East Thrace
returned to Turkey - including Constantinople, Smyrna, some territory along the
Syrian border, and several Aegean islands
o
Turkish
sovereignty over the Bosporus straights and Dardanelles Straits were recognized
·
Area was
still demilitarized and subject to international conventions
o
Foreign
troops were withdrawn from Turkey
o
Reparations
and demilitarization clauses were removed
o
Turkey
promised to renounce all territories outside the new boundaries and undertook
to guarantee the rights of minorities.
o
Arabs were
disappointed with the establishment of a new Jewish state in Palestine.
